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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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armenian
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Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) aka: The Orly
Group, 3rd October Organization
Description
Marxist-Leninist Armenian terrorist group formed in 1975 with stated
intention to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its
alleged responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915, pay
reparations, and cede territory for an Armenian homeland. Led by Hagop
Hagopian until he was assassinated in Athens in April 1988.
Activities
Initial bombing and assassination attacks directed against Turkish targets.
Later attacked French and Swiss targets to force release of imprisoned
comrades. Made several minor bombing attacks against US airline offices in
Western Europe in early 1980S. Bombing of Turkish airline counter at Orly
Airport in Paris in 1983--eight killed and 55 wounded--led to split in group
over rationale for causing indiscriminate casualties. Suffering from
internal schisms, group has been relatively inactive over past four years,
although recently claimed an unsuccessful attack on Turkish Ambassador to
Hungary.
Strength
A few hundred members and sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
Lebanon, Western Europe, Armenia, United States, and Middle East.
External Aid
Has received aid, including training and safehaven, from Syria. May also
receive some aid from Libya. Has extensive ties to radical Palestinian
groups, including the PFLP and PFLP-GC.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1975:
BOMBED THE BEIRUT HEADQAURTERS OF THE WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES
BECAUSE OF ITS ROLE IN ASSISTING ARMENIANS TO EMIGRATE TO OTHER
COUNTRIES.
OCTOBER, 1975:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF THE TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO
AUSTRIA. THE OPERATION WAS ALSO CLAIMED BY THE JUSTICE COMMANDOS
OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE (JCAG).
OCTOBER, 1975:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBLITY FOR THE MURDERS OF THE TURKISH AMBASSADOR TO
FRANCE AND HIS CHAUFFER, WHO WERE MACHINE-GUNNED TO DEATH WHILE
ENROUTE TO THE TURKISH EMBASSY.
FEBRUARY, 1976:
ASSASSINATED THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE TURKSIH EMBASSY IN BEIRUT.
OCTOBER, 1976:
DETONATED TWO BOMBS IN ISTANBUL, KILLING ONE AND WOUNDING FOUR.
NOVEMBER, 1979:
BOMB THE TWA OFFICE IN MADRID.
DECEMBER, 1979:
BOMBED THE TURKISH AIRLINES OFFICE IN LONDON. IN CLAIMING
RESPONSIBILITY, ASALA EXPRESSED SOLIDARITY WITH THE TERRORIST
MOVEMENTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND.
DECEMBER, 1979:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF THE TURKISH PRESS ATTACHE
IN PARIS.
MARCH, 1980:
BOMBED THE OFFICES HOUSING THE TURKISH AIRLINES AND THE TOURIST
BUREAU IN ROME, KILLING TWO PERSONS.
JUNE, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A TURKISH CONSULAR
EMPLOYEE IN GENEVA.
OCTOBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE ALITALIA OFFICE IN
MADRID.
OCTOBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE TURKISH AIRLINES
OFFICE IN LONDON.
NOVEMBER, 1980:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF THE SWISSAIR OFFICE IN
MADRID.
JANUARY, 1981:
BOMBED THE SWISSAIR OFFICE AND THE SWISS CONSULATE IN MILAN IN
RETALIATION FOR THE ARREST OF TWO ARMENIAN MILITANTS IN GENEVA.
MARCH, 1981:
ASSASSINATED THE TURKISH LABOR ATTACHE AND CONSUL FOR RELIGIOUS
AFFAIRS IN PARIS.
SEPTEMBER, 1981:
STORMED THE TURKISH CONSULATE IN PARIS, KILLING A GUARD AND
SERIOUSLY WOUNDING A VICE-CONSUL. THE TERRORISTS HELD 51 PERSONS
HOSTAGE FOR FIFTEEN HOURS BEFORE SURRENDERING.
JUNE, 1982:
ATTEMPTED TO BOMB THE AIR CANADA FREIGHT OFFICE AT LOS ANGELES
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. POLICE DISARMED THE DEVICE FIFTEEN
MINUTES BEFORE IT WAS SET TO DETONATE.
AUGUST, 1982:
ATTACKED ISTANBUL'S ESENBOGA AIRPORT, KILLING SEVEN AND WOUNDING
SEVENTY TWO.
JUNE, 1983:
CARRIED OUT A GRENADE AND MACHINE GUN ATTACK ON THE ISTANBUL
BAZAAR, KILLING TWO.
JULY, 1983:
BOMBED THE TURKISH AIRLINES COUNTER AT ORLY, PARIS, KILLING SEVEN.
MARCH, 1984:
WOUNDED THE FIRST SECRETARY AND THE DEPUTY MILITARY ATTACHE OF
THE TURKISH EMBASSY IN TEHRAN.
JANUARY-MAY, 1986:
STAGED FIVE INCIDENTS IN LEBANON, RESULTING IN ONE KIDNAPPING, NINE
DEATHS, TWO INJURIES, AND PROPERTY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM BOMBINGS
AGAINST "DASHNAG" (RIGHT WING) ARMENIAN POLITICAL PARTY MEMBERS.
ASALA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY OR WAS SUSPECTED IN ALL OF THE
OPERATIONS.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
SUSPECTED OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE PARIS BOMBING CAMPAIGN.
OCTOBER, 1987:
IN EAST BEIRUT, LEBANON, GUNMEN ATTACKED THREE MEMBERS OF THE
FRENCH EMBASSY GUARD FORCE, KILLING TWO AND WOUNDING ONE. ASALA
CLAIMED THE ATTACK WAS CARRIED OUT TO PRESSURE THE GOVERNMENT OF
FRANCE TO RELEASE ASALA PRISONERS HELD IN FRANCE.
APRIL, 1988:
ASALA LEADER HAGOP HAGOPIAN KILLED IN ATHENS.
DECEMBER, 1991:
A LONE GUNMAN OPEENED FIRE ON A LIMOSINE IN WHICH THE TURKISH
AMBASSADOR TO HUNGARY WAS RIDING. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. A
CALLER CLAIMING TO REPRESENT ASALA TOOK RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
ATTACK.
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THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT AND
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE DOCUMENTS.